数字在科研类,商务类,和新闻类文章中经常出现。如何在文章中表达数字和所写的文体及风格有关,不同的写作指南给出的答案会稍有不同。
下面是一些普遍可以接受的规则:
1. 数字是1-9时,拼写出来
当数字为10或大于10时,直接写阿拉伯数字。当小于10时,要拼写出来。
“The researchers interviewed eight participants.”
“We asked 16 members of the Forbes Agency Council to share the best writing advice they’ve ever received.”
也有例外, 比如当一句里有并列的数字时,应让它们写法一致,即使是不到10的个位数。
“These three conference rooms hold groups of up to 8, 16, and 24 people.“
“The snail advanced 1 inch on the first day and 12 inches on the second day.”
2. 当数字用在句子开头时,要将它拼出来
不要把阿拉伯数字放在句首,而要拼出来。 如 “Fifteen new fiction novels were on display.”
如果数字很大或较复杂时,尽量避免把它放在句首。
比如“Eight hundred and twenty-three patient charts were collected for analysis.”
可以改成 ”Charts from 823 patients were collected for analysis.”
3. 千以上的数字使用逗号
如果数字是千位以上,每隔三位数加进一个逗号。 这样可以便于读者更快的读出数位。
比如Alaska面积要写成 “571,951 square miles“ 而不是”571951 square miles.“
4. 有些较大的数字可以考虑四舍五入
有时为方便读者的阅读,可以将无需要特别精确的数字用四舍五入表达出来简化句子。
比如,不写“He is CEO of a fast-casual chain with 4,226 employees.” 而是 “He is CEO of a fast-casual chain with over 4,000 employees.”
百万数字时用数字+million的方法。比如不要写 “Nigeria is projected to surpass the 300,000,000 mark by 2050.” 而是写“Nigeria is projected to surpass the 300 million mark by 2050.”
5. 文章中数字用法保持一致
在文中有小于1的小数时,小数点前有无零一般都可以(0.05 或 .05), 关键是在文章中保持一致,不要一会儿加零,一会儿不加。
同样道理,如果小数点后保留的位数也要通篇一致,一般最多就保留两位,当然也有例外。
6. 运用文字表达分数或百分比
如果你提到的分数/百分比相对比较简单 (如接近50%,1/3),可以考虑用文字来表达,避免显得文中有太多枯燥的数字。
比如:
– About half of the interviewees
– Nearly one in five departments
– Three-quarters of the sample
– Approximately two-thirds of respondents
正像我开头说的,这些只是普遍认同的规则,各个论文撰写格式(如APA, MLA,Chicago)都有自己更细微的规则。不同的作家,记者也有自己不同的风格喜好。
最后和大家分享一个我最近在财富杂志上看到的一篇文章中的一个段落(是关于某公司人员构成的),看作者在文中用了多个数字,却不显枯燥的, 主要是利用了句式的变化和各种不同的数字表达方式(如估计数字,百分比,文字)混用。
“The results are evident in the company’s current makeup: Among its nearly 2,000 team members, 70% are women, including half of its eight division presidents. The number of African American employees in the company has increased 93% over the last decade, and the percentage of Asian team members has risen 33%. Millennials account for about one-third of the workforce, up from about 7% a decade ago.” (Source: Fortune, 2017 December Issue)
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